NEED + VERB (1st form) की जरूरत है / की आवश्यकता है
Need is a semi-modal verb because in some ways it is like a modal verb and in other ways like a main verb.
• We need more volunteers.
• We have got what we needed.
• I need more time to decide the question.
• He needs our help.
• Does he need to support his family?
• Do you need any help?
• What do I need to do?
• Why doesn’t she need to ask this question?
The auxiliary verb need remains unchanged, whatever be the number or person of the subject. It is common in negative clauses. It does not have -s in the third person singular. We use need mostly in the negative form to indicate that there is no obligation or necessity to do something:
• You need not wait.
• He need not ask my permission.
• They need not make such a fuss over it.
• Need we wait any longer?
• Need I come again?
• Why need she ask this question?
The auxiliary need is sometimes used with hardly / only.
• We need hardly say that we are very grateful.
• I need hardly say that you are always welcome.
• You need only sign this paper and I will do the rest.
When referring to past time, need is followed by the perfect infinitive (have + past participle).
NEED + HAVE + VERB (3rd form) की जरूरत थी / की आवश्यकता थी
• I need have gone there.
• You need have consulted to doctor.
• We need not have waited for them.
• We need not have wasted our time and energy on that project.
• You need not have lost your temper.
• Need I have discussed with you?
DARE + VERB (1st form) का साहस है / की हिम्मत होनी चाहिये
• Dare is both a main verb and a semi-modal verb.
• Dare can mean ‘challenge somebody’. With this meaning, it is a main verb and requires an object. Any verb
that follows it is in the to-infinitive:
• Go on, I dare you.
• As a main verb, dare is followed by the infinitive with to. Questions and negatives are made with do.
• Do you dare to say what you think?
She dares to say what she thinks.
She didn’t dare to open the door.
• Dare has the -s marking in the third person singular.
• I dare to say what I think.
• She dares to say what she thinks.
• They dare to say what they think.
• As a modal auxiliary verb, dare is followed by an infinitive without to. Questions and negatives are made
without do.
She dare say what she thinks. (NOT She dares to say what she thinks.)
He dare not do so. (NOT He dares not do so.)
She dare not take such a risk. (NOT She dares not to take such a risk.)
I dare not think how many victims there are.
Dare she say that to him?
She dare not say what she thinks.
Dare she tell him?
How dare she criticise us?